Comparison of Three Packaging Technologies


1. COG (Chip On Glass): This is one of the most traditional packaging methods, with low technical barriers and low costs, and is the most commonly used technology for screens. From the English version, it can also be seen that this packaging method involves placing IC chips and FPC cables on the back glass of the screen. However, due to the IC chip being located directly below the LCD, a considerable amount of screen space is squeezed, inevitably resulting in a "chin".




2. COF (Chip On Film): Essentially, it is an upgraded version of COG and a key factor in the current screen transformation. The main principle is to place the display driver IC chip into a flexible FPC cable, and then fold it under the screen using the characteristics of the FPC itself. Specifically, through hot pressing, the Gold Bump of the IC chip and the Inner Lead on the flexible substrate circuit will be bonded together. Due to the release of space occupied by IC chips, the lower frame width can generally be reduced by at least 1.5 millimeters.






3. COP (Chip On Pi): It belongs to the process with the most reduced borders, but it should be emphasized that the premise of this process is the application of flexible OLED screens, which utilize the bending characteristics of flexible OLEDs to bend all cables and ICs below the screen. Of course, OLED is also divided into two types: hard screens and flexible screens. To use this technology, a combination of COP packaging technology and flexible OLED must be used. However, this technology still has the disadvantages of high cost and low yield rate.





After introducing the technical foundations of COG, COF, and COP, let's take a look at the practical application of COP technology on Samsung S8. This phone adopts innovative COP screen packaging technology, which allows the screen edges to bend without physical limitations, achieving a nearly borderless visual effect. This technology not only enhances the aesthetic appearance of mobile phones, but also brings them a wider display space.

The performance of the Chinese market is particularly outstanding. Starting from 2023, the Chinese market will surpass other markets and become the world's largest foldable screen mobile phone market. IDC predicts that in the next five years, the proportion of the Chinese market in the global foldable screen mobile phone market will remain stable at over 40%.

Specifically, in the first half of this year, the shipment volume of foldable screen smartphones in the Chinese market reached 4.98 million units, a year-on-year increase of 12.6%. Among them, Huawei's performance is particularly prominent, occupying 75% of the Chinese market share with a record high of 3.74 million units.

Specifically, in the first quarter of 2025, Huawei shipped 2.84 million units, accounting for approximately 76.6% of the market share; Following closely behind are brands such as Honor and OPPO, but far behind Huawei. Although there was a slight decline in the second quarter, Huawei still maintained its dominant position with a market share of 72.6%.

IDC pointed out that Chinese manufacturers are generally leading the global popularization of foldable screen technology by relying on mature local supply chains, high user acceptance, and precise market strategies. Huawei not only successfully boosted sales, but also promoted the localization of materials and core components in the industrial chain, further enhancing China's independent and controllable capabilities in this field.

Of course, the most significant feeling for consumers is that the current foldable screen prices are becoming increasingly affordable. In fact, this is also the result of the continuous expansion of the market and the continuous decline of supply chain costs. And more affordable prices can further drive market growth, thereby driving down the prices of foldable phones and gradually replacing conventional phones. So the question is, have you used a foldable phone yet?

Preliminary Exploration of ProMotion Technology: The Secret of Adaptive Refresh Rate


ProMotion， This name itself contains the dual meanings of "professional" and "dynamic", indicating a major innovation in Apple's screen display technology. In short, ProMotion technology is a mechanism that can automatically adjust the screen refresh rate based on the current display content, with refresh rates ranging from a minimum of 10Hz to a maximum of 120Hz. This means that when you swipe the screen to browse web pages, play games, or watch high frame rate videos, the screen can present incredibly smooth visual effects with a refresh rate of up to 120Hz; When displaying statically or performing low-intensity operations, such as reading e-books, viewing photos, or in standby mode, the screen will lower the refresh rate to a more suitable level to save power.



Why choose adaptive refresh rate?


The reason why Apple introduced adaptive refresh rate technology in the iPhone 13 Pro series is due to profound considerations and user demand insights.



Improving user experience: Firstly, a high refresh rate screen can bring a smoother visual experience. For gamers, a high refresh rate of 120Hz means lower latency and finer transitions, taking the gaming experience to the next level. For daily users, whether sliding the screen, scrolling through web pages, or switching applications, they can feel an unprecedented sense of smoothness. However, if the phone always maintains a 120Hz refresh rate, it will not only consume a lot of electricity, but may also cause problems such as device overheating due to unnecessary performance output, affecting the overall user experience.


Optimizing energy management: As stated by Apple, one of the core advantages of adaptive refresh rate is its excellent energy management capabilities. Mobile screens are one of the largest energy sources in smartphones, especially when the brightness is high and the refresh rate is fixed at a high level. Through ProMotion technology, the iPhone 13 Pro series can dynamically adjust the refresh rate according to actual needs, effectively avoiding unnecessary energy waste. For example, when users are still viewing pictures or documents, the screen refresh rate can be reduced to 10Hz or even lower, significantly reducing battery consumption and extending battery life. This is undoubtedly a huge blessing for users who frequently go out and have high requirements for mobile phone battery life.


The combination of intelligence and efficiency: The implementation of ProMotion technology relies on Apple's powerful hardware and software integration capabilities. It requires seamless collaboration between screen driver chips, operating systems, and various applications to ensure real-time and accurate refresh rate adjustments. This intelligent adjustment mechanism not only reflects Apple's technological innovation, but also its commitment to pursuing the ultimate user experience. The algorithm predicts the user's behavior and adjusts the refresh rate in advance, so that each screen refresh is just right, which not only ensures the smoothness of visual effects, but also realizes the efficient use of energy.


Challenges and Solutions Behind Technology


Implementing adaptive refresh rate is not an easy task, as it requires the phone to find a perfect balance between hardware design, software development, and user experience. Apple has invested a significant amount of research and development resources in this regard, overcoming multiple technical challenges



Hardware upgrade: The iPhone 13 Pro series is equipped with more advanced display driver chips, which have stronger data processing capabilities and lower power consumption, providing a hardware foundation for fast and accurate refresh rate adjustment.
Software optimization: The iOS system has been deeply optimized to ensure that the system and third-party applications can fully utilize the advantages of ProMotion technology. Developers need to update their applications to adapt to display effects at different refresh rates, which requires Apple to provide detailed development guidelines and technical support.


User experience considerations: When designing ProMotion technology, Apple fully considered the differences in user perception. For example, the change in refresh rate between fast and slow swiping needs to be smooth enough to avoid giving users a sense of abruptness. This requires fine tuning and extensive user testing.


Impact on the industry and future prospects


Apple's introduction of ProMotion technology in the iPhone 13 Pro series not only enhances the competitiveness of its own products, but also has a profound impact on the entire smartphone industry. On the one hand, it has promoted the innovation of screen technology, prompting other manufacturers to accelerate their research and development pace in adaptive refresh rate technology; On the other hand, it has also raised consumers' expectations for the refresh rate of mobile phone screens, making high refresh rate and adaptive adjustment a standard feature of high-end smartphones.



Looking ahead to the future, with the continuous advancement of technology, adaptive refresh rate technology will become more mature and its application scenarios will become more extensive. For example, combined with AI and machine learning technology, mobile phones can more intelligently predict the user's next operation, adjust the refresh rate in advance, and further improve the user experience. Meanwhile, with the popularization of technologies such as 5G and AR/VR, adaptive refresh rates will leverage their unique advantages in more fields, bringing unprecedented interactive experiences to users.



In short, the ProMotion adaptive refresh rate technology in the Apple iPhone 13 Pro series is another important milestone for Apple in pursuing the ultimate user experience. It not only demonstrates Apple's leading position in technological innovation, but also sets a new benchmark for the entire smartphone industry, indicating the direction of future smartphone screen technology development. With the continuous evolution of technology, we have reason to believe that future smartphones will serve our daily lives in a more intelligent, efficient, and energy-saving way, allowing the light of technology to illuminate every corner.

Why choose us? ‌As a globally leading one-stop wholesale service provider for mobile phone screens, batteries, and accessories, we boast 10 years of industry experience, dedicated to providing retailers, repair shops, and e-commerce platforms with high-quality, cost-effective mobile device accessories. Our core strengths include:
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We offer a 1-year warranty with an after-sales response time of no more than 24 hours.

Why Choose Horizon? Our Core Strengths
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"Horizon’s screens are a game-changer for our repair business. The quality is consistent, and the DDP service saves us countless hours on logistics!" – John D., Mobile Repair Shop Owner

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